Types of Cancer

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There are a number of cancer types that arise in the head or neck region (in the nasal cavity, sinuses, lips, mouth, salivary glands, throat or larynx).

These cancer types account for approximately 3 to 5% of new cancer cases in the U.S and are most common in men over the age of 50.

Head and neck cancers are the only cancers that can usually be attributed to a specific cause. Tobacco use and excessive use of alcohol have been linked to these types of cancer. In fact, 85% of head and neck cancers can be linked to tobacco use.

Signs and Symptoms
Most head and neck cancers produce early symptoms. These cancers are highly treatable if caught early, so it is important to recognize their symptoms, such as:

  • A lump in the neck
  • Voice changes
  • A growth in the mouth
  • Bloody saliva or phlegm
  • Pain with swallowing
  • Persistent earache
  • Chronic sinus infections
  • Dental pain
  • Swollen salivary glands
  • Lesion on the gums, tongue or lining of the mouth

How is it diagnosed?
After conducting a physical exam and taking a complete medical history, your physician may order some diagnostic tests, including:

  • Endoscopy
  • Laboratory tests, such as blood or urine tests
  • Imaging tests, such as X-Rays, CT scans, MRI or PET scans
  • Biopsy

How is it treated?
The treatment plan will depend on the exact location of the cancer and its stage, as well as the person's age and general health. It may include multiple modalities, some of which are:

  • Surgery, such as lymph node dissection or laryngectomy
  • Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)
  • Chemotherapy
  • Clinical trials for eligible patients

Where can I get more information?
You should be sure to ask your doctors for their assessment and recommendations for your particular disease. For more information online, we recommend the following websites:

American Academy of Otolaryngology American Cancer Society National Cancer Institute (NCI)